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The function f(x,y)=(1-x)^2+100(y-x^2)^2 that is often used as a test problem for optimization algorithms (where a variation with 100 replaced by 105 is sometimes used; ...

A generalization of the Runge-Kutta method for solution of ordinary differential equations, also called Kaps-Rentrop methods.

In the illusion illustrated above, when the concentric square borders with rounded edges are rotated slowly, the entire pattern appears to pulsate radially.

The period for a quasiperiodic trajectory to pass through the same point in a surface of section. If the rotation number is irrational, the trajectory will densely fill out a ...

The rotation operator can be derived from examining an infinitesimal rotation (d/(dt))_(space)=(d/(dt))_(body)+omegax, where d/dt is the time derivative, omega is the angular ...

The curve b(u) in the ruled surface parameterization x(u,v)=b(u)+vd(u) is called the directrix (or base curve).

A straightedge with markings to indicate distances. Although geometric constructions are sometimes said to be performed with a ruler and compass, the term straightedge is ...

One of the straight lines sweeping out a ruled surface. The rulings on a ruled surface are asymptotic curves.

A specification of elements in a list as a list of pairs giving the element and number of times it occurs in a run. For example, given the list ...

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the running maxima are the sequence of values {max(a_1,...,a_k)}_(k=1)^n. So, for example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5), ...