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Approximants derived by expanding a function as a ratio of two power series and determining both the numerator and denominator coefficients. Padé approximations are usually ...

If all the diagonals--including those obtained by "wrapping around" the edges--of a magic square sum to the same magic constant, the square is said to be a panmagic square ...

A statement which appears self-contradictory or contrary to expectations, also known as an antinomy. Curry (1977, p. 5) uses the term pseudoparadox to describe an apparent ...

Let A be the area of a simply closed lattice polygon. Let B denote the number of lattice points on the polygon edges and I the number of points in the interior of the ...

A generalization of the polyominoes using a collection of equal-sized equilateral triangles (instead of squares) arranged with coincident sides. Polyiamonds are sometimes ...

A prime magic square is a magic square consisting only of prime numbers (although the number 1 is sometimes allowed in such squares). The left square is the 3×3 prime magic ...

A sieving procedure that can be used in conjunction with Dixon's factorization method to factor large numbers n. Pick values of r given by r=|_sqrt(n)_|+k, (1) where k=1, 2, ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

Quicksort is the fastest known comparison-based sorting algorithm (on average, and for a large number of elements), requiring O(nlgn) steps. Quicksort is a recursive ...

A random walk is a sequence of discrete steps in which each step is randomly taken subject to some set of restrictions in allowed directions and step lengths. Random walks ...