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Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

A negative-height (inward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

Q_n^((alpha,beta))(x)=2^(-n-1)(x-1)^(-alpha)(x+1)^(-beta) ×int_(-1)^1(1-t)^(n+alpha)(1+t)^(n+beta)(x-t)^(-n-1)dt. In the exceptional case n=0, alpha+beta+1=0, a nonconstant ...

A Jensen disk is a disk in the complex plane whose diameter joins complex conjugate roots of a polynomial (Trott 2004, p. 22).

The system of partial differential equations f_x = 2fgc(x-t) (1) g_t = 2fgc(x-t). (2)

A quantity involving primitive cube roots of unity which can be used to solve the cubic equation.

Let K be a finite complex, let h:|K|->|K| be a continuous map. If Lambda(h)!=0, then h has a fixed point.

Linear programming, sometimes known as linear optimization, is the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron specified by linear and ...

The span of an unoriented link diagram (also called the link spread) is the difference between the highest and lowest degrees of its bracket polynomial. The span is a ...