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A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.

P_y(nu)=lim_(T->infty)2/T|int_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]e^(-2piinut)dt|^2, (1) so int_0^inftyP_y(nu)dnu = lim_(T->infty)1/Tint_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]^2dt (2) = <(y-y^_)^2> (3) = ...

The mean square deviation of the best local fit straight line to a staircase cumulative spectral density over a normalized energy scale.

A number taken to the power 2 is said to be squared, so x^2 is called "x squared." This terminology derives from the fact that the area of a square of edge length x is given ...

The structure factor S_Gamma of a discrete set Gamma is the Fourier transform of delta-scatterers of equal strengths on all points of Gamma, S_Gamma(k)=intsum_(x in ...

A surface in 3-space can be parameterized by two variables (or coordinates) u and v such that x = x(u,v) (1) y = y(u,v) (2) z = z(u,v). (3) If a surface is parameterized as ...

Surrogate data are artificially generated data which mimic statistical properties of real data. Isospectral surrogates have identical power spectra as real data but with ...

In the theory of special functions, a class of functions is said to be "of the third kind" if it is similar to but distinct from previously defined functions already defined ...

The engineering terminology for one use of Fourier transforms. By breaking up a wave pulse into its frequency spectrum f_nu=F(nu)e^(2piinut), (1) the entire signal can be ...

For a given bounded function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the upper sum is the sum of box areas M^*Deltax_k using the supremum M of the function f(x) in each ...