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The Drazin inverse is a matrix inverse-like object derived from a given square matrix. In particular, let the index k of a square matrix be defined as the smallest ...

A Dyck path is a staircase walk from (0,0) to (n,n) that lies strictly below (but may touch) the diagonal y=x. The number of Dyck paths of order n is given by the Catalan ...

Endraß surfaces are a pair of octic surfaces which have 168 ordinary double points. This is the maximum number known to exist for an octic surface, although the rigorous ...

An estimate is an educated guess for an unknown quantity or outcome based on known information. The making of estimates is an important part of statistics, since care is ...

The exterior derivative of a function f is the one-form df=sum_(i)(partialf)/(partialx_i)dx_i (1) written in a coordinate chart (x_1,...,x_n). Thinking of a function as a ...

A module M over a unit ring R is called faithfully flat if the tensor product functor - tensor _RM is exact and faithful. A faithfully flat module is always flat and ...

Let T_n(x) be an arbitrary trigonometric polynomial T_n(x)=1/2a_0+{sum_(k=1)^n[a_kcos(kx)+b_ksin(kx)]} (1) with real coefficients, let f be a function that is integrable over ...

A general space based on the line element ds=F(x^1,...,x^n;dx^1,...,dx^n), with F(x,y)>0 for y!=0 a function on the tangent bundle T(M), and homogeneous of degree 1 in y. ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. Then the first fundamental form is the inner product of tangent vectors, ...

Let Q(x) be a real or complex piecewise-continuous function defined for all values of the real variable x and that is periodic with minimum period pi so that Q(x+pi)=Q(x). ...