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A root-finding algorithm which assumes a function to be approximately linear in the region of interest. Each improvement is taken as the point where the approximating line ...

Suppose f(x) is a function of x that is twice differentiable at a stationary point x_0. 1. If f^('')(x_0)>0, then f has a local minimum at x_0. 2. If f^('')(x_0)<0, then f ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...

Consider a second-order differential operator L^~u(x)=p_0(d^2u)/(dx^2)+p_1(du)/(dx)+p_2u, (1) where u=u(x) and p_i=p_i(x) are real functions of x on the region of interest ...

A number of areas of mathematics have the notion of a "dual" which can be applies to objects of that particular area. Whenever an object A has the property that it is equal ...

The semigroup algebra K[S], where K is a field and S a semigroup, is formally defined in the same way as the group algebra K[G]. Similarly, a semigroup ring R[S] is a ...

The semiperimeter on a figure is defined as s=1/2p, (1) where p is the perimeter. The semiperimeter of polygons appears in unexpected ways in the computation of their areas. ...

A separable extension K of a field F is one in which every element's algebraic number minimal polynomial does not have multiple roots. In other words, the minimal polynomial ...

A septic graph is a regular graph of degree seven. The numbers of (not necessarily connected) simple septic graphs on n=8, 10, 12, ... vertices are 1, 5, 1547, 21609301, ...

A class is a generalized set invented to get around Russell's antinomy while retaining the arbitrary criteria for membership which leads to difficulty for sets. The members ...