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Machin-like formulas have the form mcot^(-1)u+ncot^(-1)v=1/4kpi, (1) where u, v, and k are positive integers and m and n are nonnegative integers. Some such formulas can be ...

Given a map with genus g>0, Heawood showed in 1890 that the maximum number N_u of colors necessary to color a map (the chromatic number) on an unbounded surface is N_u = ...

An elliptic curve of the form y^2=x^3+n for n an integer. This equation has a finite number of solutions in integers for all nonzero n. If (x,y) is a solution, it therefore ...

A natural equation is an equation which specifies a curve independent of any choice of coordinates or parameterization. The study of natural equations began with the ...

The Neuberg cubic Z(X_(30)) of a triangle DeltaABC is the locus of all points P whose reflections in the sidelines BC, CA, and ABform a triangle perspective to DeltaABC. It ...

Let DeltaH_AH_BH_C be the orthic triangle of a triangle DeltaABC. Then each side of each triangle meets the three sides of the other triangle, and the points of intersection ...

The orthocentroidal circle of a triangle DeltaABC is a central circle having the segment joining the triangle centroid G and orthocenter H of DeltaABC as its diameter ...

In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...