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The traveling salesman problem is a problem in graph theory requiring the most efficient (i.e., least total distance) Hamiltonian cycle a salesman can take through each of n ...

Triangulation is the division of a surface or plane polygon into a set of triangles, usually with the restriction that each triangle side is entirely shared by two adjacent ...

The universal cover of a connected topological space X is a simply connected space Y with a map f:Y->X that is a covering map. If X is simply connected, i.e., has a trivial ...

An e-prime is a prime number appearing in the decimal expansion of e. The first few are 2, 271, 2718281, ...

Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in the analysis and solution of systems of linear equations. As shown by Cramer's rule, a nonhomogeneous system of ...

A Pisot number is a positive algebraic integer greater than 1 all of whose conjugate elements have absolute value less than 1. A real quadratic algebraic integer greater than ...

A prime constellation, also called a prime k-tuple, prime k-tuplet, or prime cluster, is a sequence of k consecutive numbers such that the difference between the first and ...

A primitive root of a prime p is an integer g such that g (mod p) has multiplicative order p-1 (Ribenboim 1996, p. 22). More generally, if GCD(g,n)=1 (g and n are relatively ...

A partial differential equation which appears in differential geometry and relativistic field theory. Its name is a wordplay on its similar form to the Klein-Gordon equation. ...

A sphere is defined as the set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 that are located at a distance r (the "radius") from a given point (the "center"). Twice ...