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A mathematical object invented to solve irreducible congruences of the form F(x)=0 (mod p), where p is prime.

A coordinate system which has a metric satisfying g_(ii)=-1 and partialg_(ij)/partialx_j=0.

e is transcendental.

The Owen T-function is defined as T(x,a)=1/(2pi)int_0^a(e^(-x^2(1+t^2)/2))/(1+t^2)dt. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as OwenT[x, a]. A special value is given by ...

The ring R[x] of polynomials in a variable x.

A sequence of polynomials p_i(x), for i=0, 1, 2, ..., where p_i(x) is exactly of degree i for all i.

The relationship x precedes y is written x≺y. The relation x precedes or is equal to y is written x<=y.

An algorithm which finds the least nonnegative value of sqrt(a (mod p)) for given a and prime p.

A congruence that has a solution.

Two curves are tangent externally at a point P if they lie on opposite sides of their common tangent at P