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Let S be a nonempty set, then a filter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F, 2. If A,B in F, then A ...

A folding function is a function that maps the integers Z={...,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...} onto the nonnegative integers Z^*={0,1,2,3,...}. This type of function arises naturally ...

The Frobenius number is the largest value b for which the Frobenius equation a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=b, (1) has no solution, where the a_i are positive integers, b is an ...

The generalized hypergeometric function is given by a hypergeometric series, i.e., a series for which the ratio of successive terms can be written ...

An iterated map is a map that is applied repeatedly to an object. The Wolfram Language function NestList[f, expr, n] gives a list of the results of iterating the function f n ...

The Landau-Mignotte bound, also known as the Mignotte bound, is used in univariate polynomial factorization to determine the number of Hensel lifting steps needed. It gives ...

Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

A linear congruence equation ax=b (mod m) (1) is solvable iff the congruence b=0 (mod d) (2) with d=GCD(a,m) is the greatest common divisor is solvable. Let one solution to ...

A linear extension of a partially ordered set P is a permutation of the elements p_1, p_2, ... of P such that p_i<p_j implies i<j. For example, the linear extensions of the ...

The longest path problem asks to find a path of maximum length in a given graph. The problem is NP-complete, but there exists an efficient dynamic programming solution for ...