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The study of an extension of derivatives and integrals to noninteger orders. Fractional calculus is based on the definition of the fractional integral as ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is an integral equation of the form f(x)=int_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt, (1) where K(x,t) is the kernel and phi(t) is an unknown ...

A method for numerical solution of a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')=f(x,y) first expounded by Gauss. It proceeds by introducing a function delta^(-2)f ...

Gauss's continued fraction is given by the continued fraction ...

If u_n>0 and given B(n) a bounded function of n as n->infty, express the ratio of successive terms as |(u_n)/(u_(n+1))|=1+h/n+(B(n))/(n^r) for r>1. The series converges for ...

A generalized Vandermonde matrix of two sequences a and b where a is an increasing sequence of positive integers and b is an increasing sequence of nonnegative integers of ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

Gregory's formula is a formula that allows a definite integral of a function to be expressed by its sum and differences, or its sum by its integral and difference (Jordan ...

The grid shading problem is the problem of proving the unimodality of the sequence {a_1,a_2,...,a_(mn)}, where for fixed m and n, a_i is the number of partitions of i with at ...

Let {a_n} be a nonnegative sequence and f(x) a nonnegative integrable function. Define A_n=sum_(k=1)^na_k (1) and F(x)=int_0^xf(t)dt (2) and take p>1. For sums, ...