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The complementary Bell numbers, also called the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers, B^~_n=sum_(k=0)^n(-1)^kS(n,k) (1) where S(n,k) is a Stirling number of the second kind, are ...

A convex polyomino containing at least one edge of its minimal bounding rectangle. The perimeter and area generating function for directed polygons of width m, height n, and ...

The Gauss map is a function N from an oriented surface M in Euclidean space R^3 to the unit sphere in R^3. It associates to every point on the surface its oriented unit ...

In 1757, V. Riccati first recorded the generalizations of the hyperbolic functions defined by F_(n,r)^alpha(x)=sum_(k=0)^infty(alpha^k)/((nk+r)!)x^(nk+r), (1) for r=0, ..., ...

The Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition is a kind of boundary-value condition which naturally emerges in quantum statistical mechanics and related areas. Given a quantum ...

Partial derivatives are defined as derivatives of a function of multiple variables when all but the variable of interest are held fixed during the differentiation. (1) The ...

The Jacobi elliptic functions are standard forms of elliptic functions. The three basic functions are denoted cn(u,k), dn(u,k), and sn(u,k), where k is known as the elliptic ...

The term energy has an important physical meaning in physics and is an extremely useful concept. There are several forms energy defined in mathematics. In measure theory, let ...

Define I_n=(-1)^nint_0^infty(lnz)^ne^(-z)dz, (1) then I_n=(-1)^nGamma^((n))(1), (2) where Gamma^((n))(z) is the nth derivative of the gamma function. Particular values ...

_2F_1(a,b;c;z)=int_0^1(t^(b-1)(1-t)^(c-b-1))/((1-tz)^a)dt, (1) where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function. The solution can be written using the Euler's ...