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The illusion that the two ends of a straight line segment passing behind an obscuring rectangle are offset when, in fact, they are aligned. The Poggendorff illusion was ...

In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

The low-level language of topology, which is not really considered a separate "branch" of topology. Point-set topology, also called set-theoretic topology or general ...

A point is a 0-dimensional mathematical object which can be specified in n-dimensional space using an n-tuple (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) consisting of n coordinates. In dimensions ...

If two points A and A^' are inverse (sometimes called conjugate) with respect to a circle (the inversion circle), then the straight line through A^' which is perpendicular to ...

A plot of a function expressed in polar coordinates, with radius r as a function of angle theta. Polar plots can be drawn in the Wolfram Language using PolarPlot[r, {t, tmin, ...

The polar sine is a function of a vertex angle of an n-dimensional parallelotope or simplex. If the content of the parallelotope is P and the lengths of the n edges of the ...

The triangle bounded by the polars of the vertices of a triangle DeltaABC with respect to a conic is called its polar triangle. The following table summarizes polar triangles ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

A very general theorem that allows the number of discrete combinatorial objects of a given type to be enumerated (counted) as a function of their "order." The most common ...