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Pre-Calculus

A financial measure of a fund's sensitivity to market movements which measures the relationship between a fund's excess return over Treasury Bills and the excess return of a ...

Differential Equations

If Y_i have normal independent distributions with mean 0 and variance 1, then chi^2=sum_(i=1)^rY_i^2 (1) is distributed as chi^2 with r degrees of freedom. This makes a chi^2 ...

The difference between a quantity and its estimated or measured quantity.

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

Geometry is the study of figures in a space of a given number of dimensions and of a given type. The most common types of geometry are plane geometry (dealing with objects ...

An (ordinary) torus is a surface having genus one, and therefore possessing a single "hole" (left figure). The single-holed "ring" torus is known in older literature as an ...

Pathological functions that are continuous but differentiable only on a set of points of measure zero are sometimes known as monsters of real analysis. Examples include the ...

Multivariable Calculus