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The matrix operations of 1. Interchanging two rows or columns, 2. Adding a multiple of one row or column to another, 3. Multiplying any row or column by a nonzero element.

The mathematical study of abstract computing machines (especially Turing machines) and the analysis of algorithms used by such machines. A connection between automata theory ...

By choosing appropriate rules, it is possible to achieve many forms of synchronization within cellular automata. One version, known as the firing squad synchronization ...

An abstract machine is a model of a computer system (considered either as hardware or software) constructed to allow a detailed and precise analysis of how the computer ...

A New Kind of Science is a seminal work on simple programs by Stephen Wolfram. In 1980, Wolfram's studies found unexpected behavior in a collection of simple computer ...

Universality is the property of being able to perform different tasks with the same underlying construction just by being programmed in a different way. Universal systems are ...

While many computations admit shortcuts that allow them to be performed more rapidly, others cannot be sped up. Computations that cannot be sped up by means of any shortcut ...

A k-automatic set is a set of integers whose base-k representations form a regular language, i.e., a language accepted by a finite automaton or state machine. If bases a and ...

The computational paradigm is a term introduced by Wolfram (2002, 2021) to describe the idea of using simple programs rather than mathematical equations (the latter of which ...

The Church-Turing thesis (formerly commonly known simply as Church's thesis) says that any real-world computation can be translated into an equivalent computation involving a ...