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The use of the principle of mathematical induction in a proof. Induction used in mathematics is often called mathematical induction.

Two curves phi and psi satisfying phi+psi=0 are said to be linearly dependent. Similarly, n curves phi_i, i=1, ..., n are said to be linearly dependent if sum_(i=1)^nphi_i=0.

Monster-barring is a term coined by Lakatos (1976) to refer to the refining of a hypothesis to rule out nasty counterexamples (Bailey et al. 2007, p. 11).

The branch of formal logic, also called functional calculus, that deals with representing the logical connections between statements as well as the statements themselves.

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that the interval [0,n] is contained in D, one can show ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that n is in D, one can show that n+1 is also in D. ...

A Euclidean-like space having line element ds^2=(dz^1)^2+...+(dz^p)^2-(dz^(p+1))^2-...-(dz^(p+q))^2, having dimension m=p+q (Rosen 1965). In contrast, the signs would be all ...

A proof or demonstration is said to be rigorous if the validity of each step and the connections between the steps is explicitly made clear in such a way that the result ...

The engineering terminology for one use of Fourier transforms. By breaking up a wave pulse into its frequency spectrum f_nu=F(nu)e^(2piinut), (1) the entire signal can be ...

The Andrews-Gordon identity (Andrews 1974) is the analytic counterpart of Gordon's combinatorial generalization of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities (Gordon 1961). It has a ...