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When f:A->B is a ring homomorphism and b is an ideal in B, then f^(-1)(b) is an ideal in A, called the contraction of b and sometimes denoted b^c. The contraction of a prime ...

A p-form alpha is indecomposable if it cannot be written as the wedge product of one-forms alpha=beta_1 ^ ... ^ beta_p. A p-form that can be written as such a product is ...

The ratio of the independence number of a graph G to its vertex count is known as the independence ratio of G (Bollobás 1981). The product of the chromatic number and ...

A particular type of automorphism group which exists only for groups. For a group G, the inner automorphism group is defined by Inn(G)={sigma_a:a in G} subset Aut(G) where ...

A negative-height (inward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.

A polynomial admitting a multiplicative inverse. In the polynomial ring R[x], where R is an integral domain, the invertible polynomials are precisely the constant polynomials ...

Let a plane figure have area A and perimeter p. Then Q=(4piA)/(p^2)<=1, where Q is known as the isoperimetric quotient. The equation becomes an equality only for a circle.

The throwing and catching of multiple objects such that at least one is always in the air. Some aspects of juggling turn out to be quite mathematical. The best examples are ...

1000 bytes. Unfortunately, the term is sometimes also used to mean 2^(10)=1024 bytes. However, this usage is deprecated, and the term kibibyte is preferred for 1024 bytes.

A set of plane measure 0 that contains a circle of every radius.