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The word weight has many uses in mathematics. It can refer to a function w(x) (also called a weighting function or weighting function) used to normalize orthogonal functions. ...

A spanning tree of a graph on n vertices is a subset of n-1 edges that form a tree (Skiena 1990, p. 227). For example, the spanning trees of the cycle graph C_4, diamond ...

The chromatic number of a graph is at most the maximum vertex degree Delta, unless the graph is complete or an odd cycle, in which case Delta+1 colors are required.

Consider a finite collection of points p=(p_1,...,p_n), p_i in R^d Euclidean space (known as a configuration) and a graph G whose graph vertices correspond to pairs of points ...

A graph is a forbidden subgraph if its presence as a subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, a bipartite graph is a graph ...

A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

A nonreflexible regular map of genus 7 with eight graph vertices, 28 graph edges, and eight heptagonal faces.

The Randić energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Randić matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Randić matrix.

The Sombor energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Sombor matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Sombor matrix.