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An inner product is a generalization of the dot product. In a vector space, it is a way to multiply vectors together, with the result of this multiplication being a scalar. ...

An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to solved for f(x). If the limits of the integral are fixed, an integral equation is called a Fredholm ...

The dimension d of any irreducible representation of a group G must be a divisor of the index of each maximal normal Abelian subgroup of G. Note that while Itô's theorem was ...

A joint distribution function is a distribution function D(x,y) in two variables defined by D(x,y) = P(X<=x,Y<=y) (1) D_x(x) = lim_(y->infty)D(x,y) (2) D_y(y) = ...

The equation defining Killing vectors. L_Xg_(ab)=X_(a;b)+X_(b;a)=2X_((a;b))=0, where L is the Lie derivative and X_(b;a) is a covariant derivative.

A generalization of the concept of set unions and intersections.

If algebraic integers alpha_1, ..., alpha_n are linearly independent over Q, then e^(alpha_1), ..., e^(alpha_n) are algebraically independent over Q. The ...

A member of the smallest algebraically closed subfield L of C which is closed under the exponentiation and logarithm operations.

A method for constructing magic squares of odd order.

The maximal independence polynomial I_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial I_G(x)=sum_(k=i(G))^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, where i(G) is the lower independence number, ...