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One of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms which asserts the existence for any set a of the power set x consisting of all the subsets of a. The axiom may be stated symbolically as ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence for any sets a and b of a set x having a and b as its only elements. x is called the unordered pair of a ...

An axis is a line with respect to which a curve or figure is drawn, measured, rotated, etc. The most common axes encountered are commonly the mutually perpendicular Cartesian ...

A map projection on which the azimuths of all points are shown correctly with respect to the center (Snyder 1987, p. 4). A plane tangent to one of the Earth's poles is the ...

A B-spline is a generalization of the Bézier curve. Let a vector known as the knot vector be defined T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, (1) where T is a nondecreasing sequence with t_i in ...

The vector triple product identity Ax(BxC)=B(A·C)-C(A·B). This identity can be generalized to n dimensions,

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

A Bäcklund transformation allows additional solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equations to be found if one particular solution is already known.

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...