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Two nodes connected to the same node which are same distance from the root vertex in a rooted tree are called siblings. A function to return the siblings of a vertex v in a ...

If a fixed fraction x of a given amount of money P is lost, and then the same fraction x of the remaining amount is gained, the result is less than the original and equal to ...

sum_(n=1)^(infty)1/(phi(n)sigma_1(n)) = product_(p prime)(1+sum_(k=1)^(infty)1/(p^(2k)-p^(k-1))) (1) = 1.786576459... (2) (OEIS A093827), where phi(n) is the totient function ...

A nonzero ring S whose only (two-sided) ideals are S itself and zero. Every commutative simple ring is a field. Every simple ring is a prime ring.

The Sims graph is a distance-transitive graph on 352 vertices (Brouwer et al. 1989, p. 370).

A set having exactly one element a. A singleton set is denoted by {a} and is the simplest example of a nonempty set.

An even number of the form 4n+2 (i.e., an integer which is divisible by 2 but not by 4). The first few for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ... (OEIS A016825)

The Reidemeister move of type III.

An algorithm for computing an Egyptian fraction.

Consecutive Smith numbers. The first few Smith brothers are (728, 729), (2964, 2965), (3864, 3865), (4959, 4960), ... (OEIS A050219 and A050220).