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A nonzero and noninvertible element a of a ring R which generates a prime ideal. It can also be characterized by the condition that whenever a divides a product in R, a ...

Given an integer sequence {a_n}_(n=1)^infty, a prime number p is said to be a primitive prime factor of the term a_n if p divides a_n but does not divide any a_m for m<n. It ...

The so-called rule of three is an educational tool utilized historically to verbalize the process of solving basic linear equations with four terms where three of the terms ...

Also called "Ethiopian multiplication." To multiply two numbers a and b, write a_0=a and b_0=b in two columns. Under a_0, write |_a_0/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function, ...

A siteswap is a sequence encountered in juggling in which each term is a positive integer, encoded in binary. The transition rule from one term to the next consists of ...

The average number of regions N(n) into which n lines divide a square is N^_(n)=1/(16)n(n-1)pi+n+1 (Santaló 1976; Finch 2003, p. 481). The maximum number of sequences is ...

A tesseral harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form cos; sin(mphi)P_l^m(costheta). These harmonics are so named because the curves on which they vanish are l-m parallels ...

A brute-force method of finding a divisor of an integer n by simply plugging in one or a set of integers and seeing if they divide n. Repeated application of trial division ...

In an integral domain R, the decomposition of a nonzero noninvertible element a as a product of prime (or irreducible) factors a=p_1...p_n, (1) is unique if every other ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...