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The latitude of a point on a sphere is the elevation of the point from the plane of the equator. The latitude delta is related to the colatitude (the polar angle in spherical ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

A bijective map between two metric spaces that preserves distances, i.e., d(f(x),f(y))=d(x,y), where f is the map and d(a,b) is the distance function. Isometries are ...

The Golomb graph is a unit-distance graph discovered around 1960-1965 by Golomb (Soifer 2008, p. 19). It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as GraphData["GolombGraph"]. A ...

The square torus is the quotient of the plane by the integer lattice.

A lune is a plane figure bounded by two circular arcs of unequal radii, i.e., a crescent. (By contrast, a plane figure bounded by two circular arcs of equal radius is known ...

A spherical cap is the region of a sphere which lies above (or below) a given plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere, the cap is a called a hemisphere, ...

A section of a graph obtained by finding its intersection with a plane.

A plane figure for which quadrature is possible is said to be quadrable.

A quantity which gives the inclination of a curve or line with respect to another curve or line. For a line in the xy-plane making an angle theta with the x-axis, the slope m ...