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If the matrices A, X, B, and C satisfy AX-XB=C, then [I X; 0 I][A C; 0 B][I -X; 0 I]=[A 0; 0 B], where I is the identity matrix.

The curve b(u) in the ruled surface parameterization x(u,v)=b(u)+vd(u) is called the directrix (or base curve).

The divisibility test that an integer is divisible by 9 iff the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

A negative number multiplied by another negative number gives a positive number.

A straightedge with markings to indicate distances. Although geometric constructions are sometimes said to be performed with a ruler and compass, the term straightedge is ...

One of the straight lines sweeping out a ruled surface. The rulings on a ruled surface are asymptotic curves.

A specification of elements in a list as a list of pairs giving the element and number of times it occurs in a run. For example, given the list ...

A knot which tightens around an object when strained but slackens when the strain is removed. Running knots are sometimes also known as slip knots or nooses.

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the running maxima are the sequence of values {max(a_1,...,a_k)}_(k=1)^n. So, for example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5), ...

The Rutherford constant is a mathematical constant that arises in plasma physics and is defined by K_R = sqrt(2)int_(-1)^infty([R(x)]^2)/(S[x])dx (1) = 0.8227..., (2) where ...