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A formula for the generalized Catalan number _pd_(qi). The general formula is (n-q; k-1)=sum_(i=1)^k_pd_(qi)(n-pi; k-i), where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, although ...

The recurrence relation (n-1)A_(n+1)=(n^2-1)A_n+(n+1)A_(n-1)+4(-1)^n valid for n=4, 5, ... with A(2)=0 and A(3)=1 and which solves the married couples problem (Dörrie 1965, ...

In abstract topology, a machine is method for producing infinite loop spaces and spectra. In automata theory, an abstract machine that is implemented in hardware is simply ...

Let G=(V,E) be a (not necessarily simple) undirected edge-weighted graph with nonnegative weights. A cut C of G is any nontrivial subset of V, and the weight of the cut is ...

The maximal independence polynomial I_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial I_G(x)=sum_(k=i(G))^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, where i(G) is the lower independence number, ...

The maximal irredundance polynomial R_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial R_G(x)=sum_(k=ir(G))^(IR(G))r_kx^k, where ir(G) is the (lower) irredundance ...

The maximal matching-generating polynomial M_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial M_G(x)=sum_(k=nu_L(G))^(nu(G))m_kx^k, where nu_L(G) is the lower matching ...

As shown by Schur (1916), the Schur number S(n) satisfies S(n)<=R(n)-2 for n=1, 2, ..., where R(n) is a Ramsey number.

The recurrence relation E_n=E_2E_(n-1)+E_3E_(n-2)+...+E_(n-1)E_2 which gives the solution to Euler's polygon division problem.

An abstract machine that is implemented in software is termed a virtual machine.