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Any method which solves a problem by generating suitable random numbers and observing that fraction of the numbers obeying some property or properties. The method is useful ...

A permutation problem invented by Cayley. Let the numbers 1, 2, ..., n be written on a set of cards, and shuffle this deck of cards. Now, start counting using the top card. ...

A problem is assigned to the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) class if it is solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic Turing machine. A P-problem (whose ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), NaN (or "not a number") is a symbolic floating-point representation which is neither a signed infinity nor ...

The negative binomial distribution, also known as the Pascal distribution or Pólya distribution, gives the probability of r-1 successes and x failures in x+r-1 trials, and ...

Newton's method for finding roots of a complex polynomial f entails iterating the function z-[f(z)/f^'(z)], which can be viewed as applying the Euler backward method with ...

Newton's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root sqrt(n) of a number n via the recurrence equation x_(k+1)=1/2(x_k+n/(x_k)), (1) where x_0=1. This recurrence ...

A nexus number is a figurate number built up of the nexus of cells less than n steps away from a given cell. The nth d-dimensional nexus number is given by N_d(n) = ...

A nut graph is a graph on n>=2 vertices with adjacency matrix A such that A has matrix rank 1 and contains no 0 element (Sciriha 1998, 2008; Sciriha and Gutman, 1998; and ...

An outer-totalistic cellular automaton is a generalization of the totalistic cellular automaton. Totalistic rules are a proper superset of outer-totalistic rules. In ...