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For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

A Euclidean-like space having line element ds^2=(dz^1)^2+...+(dz^p)^2-(dz^(p+1))^2-...-(dz^(p+q))^2, having dimension m=p+q (Rosen 1965). In contrast, the signs would be all ...

A pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a manifold which has a metric that is of the signature diag(-,+,...,+), as compared to a Riemannian manifold, which has a signature of all ...

A pseudoanalytic function is a function defined using generalized Cauchy-Riemann equations. Pseudoanalytic functions come as close as possible to having complex derivatives ...

A map projection in which the parallels are represented by concentric circular arcs and the meridians by concurrent curves.

A surface constructed by placing a family of figure-eight curves into R^3 such that the first and last curves reduce to points. The surface has parametric equations x(u,v) = ...

A projection in which latitude lines are parallel but meridians are curves.

An algebraic structure whose elements consist of selected homeomorphisms between open subsets of a space, with the composition of two transformations defined on the largest ...

Curry (1977, p. 5) uses the term pseudoparadox to describe an apparent paradox, such as the catalogue paradox, for which there is no underlying actual contradiction.