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An algebraic variety is called irreducible if it cannot be written as the union of nonempty algebraic varieties. For example, the set of solutions to xy=0 is reducible ...

A well ordered set of monomials which also satisfies the condition "u<v implies uw<vw" for all monomials u, v, and w. Examples of monomial orders are the lexicographic order ...

Let alpha and beta be any ordinal numbers, then ordinal exponentiation is defined so that if beta=0 then alpha^beta=1. If beta is not a limit ordinal, then choose gamma such ...

Let (A,<=) be a well ordered set. Then the set {a in A:a<k} for some k in A is called an initial segment of A (Rubin 1967, p. 161; Dauben 1990, pp. 196-197; Moore 1982, pp. ...

A pathwise-connected domain is said to be simply connected (also called 1-connected) if any simple closed curve can be shrunk to a point continuously in the set. If the ...

The weighted mean of a discrete set of numbers {x_1,x_2,...,x_n} with weights {w_1,w_2,...,w_n} is given by <x>=sum_(i=1)^nw_ix_i, (1) where each weight w_i is a nonnegative ...

If T is a set of axioms in a first-order language, and a statement p holds for any structure M satisfying T, then p can be formally deduced from T in some appropriately ...

Sea horse valley is a name sometimes given to the portion of the Mandelbrot set centered around -0.75+0.1i.

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) be a lattice, and let f,g:L->L. Then the pair (f,g) is a local polarity if and only if for each finite set X subset= L, there is a finitely generated ...

A Goldbach number is a positive integer that is the sum of two odd primes (Li 1999). Let E(x) (the "exceptional set of Goldbach numbers") denote the number of even numbers ...