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An abstract machine is a model of a computer system (considered either as hardware or software) constructed to allow a detailed and precise analysis of how the computer ...

A pair of vertices (x,y) of a graph G is called an omega-critical pair if omega(G+xy)>omega(G), where G+xy denotes the graph obtained by adding the edge xy to G and omega(H) ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

The (connected) caveman graph is a graph arising in social network theory formed by modifying a set of isolated k-cliques (or "caves") by removing one edge from each clique ...

An alternating permutation is an arrangement of the elements c_1, ..., c_n such that no element c_i has a magnitude between c_(i-1) and c_(i+1) is called an alternating (or ...

Consider a set A_n={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} of n positive integer-denomination postage stamps sorted such that 1=a_1<a_2<...<a_n. Suppose they are to be used on an envelope with ...

Let G be a graph with A and B two disjoint n-tuples of graph vertices. Then either G contains n pairwise disjoint AB-paths, each connecting a point of A and a point of B, or ...

A minimum vertex cut of a graph is a vertex cut of smallest possible size. A vertex cut set of size 1 in a connected graph corresponds to an articulation vertex. The size of ...

Let a set of random variates X_1, X_2, ..., X_n have a probability function P(X_1=x_1,...,X_n=x_n)=(N!)/(product_(i=1)^(n)x_i!)product_(i=1)^ntheta_i^(x_i) (1) where x_i are ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...