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Find two numbers such that x^2=y^2 (mod n). If you know the greatest common divisor of n and x-y, there exists a high probability of determining a prime factor. Taking small ...

A Radon measure is a Borel measure that is finite on compact sets.

A type of error-correcting code that is related to Hadamard matrices.

Rényi entropy is defined as: H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n)=1/(1-alpha)ln(sum_(i=1)^np_i^alpha), where alpha>0, alpha!=1. As alpha->1, H_alpha(p_1,p_2,...,p_n) converges to ...

A set of methods that are generally superior to ANOVA for small data sets or where sample distributions are non-normal.

sum_(k=0)^dr_k^B(d-k)!x^k=sum_(k=0)^d(-1)^kr_k^(B^_)(d-k)!x^k(x+1)^(d-k).

The root lattice of a semisimple Lie algebra is the discrete lattice generated by the Lie algebra roots in h^*, the dual vector space to the Cartan subalgebra.

phi(A)+phi(B)-phi(A union B)>=phi(A intersection B).

The structure factor S_Gamma of a discrete set Gamma is the Fourier transform of delta-scatterers of equal strengths on all points of Gamma, S_Gamma(k)=intsum_(x in ...

Summation by parts for discrete variables is the equivalent of integration by parts for continuous variables Delta^(-1)[v(x)Deltau(x)]=u(x)v(x)-Delta^(-1)[Eu(x)Deltav(x)], ...