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The term "null graph" is used both to refer to any empty graph and to the empty graph on 0 nodes. Because of the conflicting usage, it is probably best to avoid use of the ...

An ordered pair representation is a representation of a directed graph in which edges are specified as ordered pairs or vertex indices. The ordered pairs representation of a ...

An outerplanar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane such that all vertices lie on the outer face. Outerplanar graphs are planar and, by their definition, ...

A permutation of n distinct, ordered items in which none of the items is in its original ordered position is known as a derangement. If some, but not necessarily all, of the ...

The graph complement of a perfect graph is itself perfect. Originally known as the weak perfect graph conjecture (Fulkerson 1971), the result was subsequently proved by ...

Let p={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} be a permutation. Then i is a permutation ascent if a_i<a_(i+1). For example, the permutation {1,2,3,4} is composed of three ascents, namely {1,2}, ...

The index of a permutation p is defined as the sum of all subscripts j such that p_j>p_(j+1), for 1<=j<=n. MacMahon (1960) proved that the number of permutations of size n ...

A pseudograph is a non-simple graph in which both graph loops and multiple edges are permitted (Zwillinger 2003, p. 220).

Given a random variable X with continuous and strictly monotonic probability density function f(X), a quantile function Q_f assigns to each probability p attained by f the ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...