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The graph difference of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the difference of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph difference is defined when the ...

A loop of an graph is degenerate edge that joins a vertex to itself, also called a self-loop. A simple graph cannot contain any loops, but a pseudograph can contain both ...

The number of nodes in a graph is called its order.

A formula for the number of Young tableaux associated with a given Ferrers diagram. In each box, write the sum of one plus the number of boxes horizontally to the right and ...

An induced subgraph is a subgraph obtained from an original graph by removing a subset of vertices and/or edges together with any edges whose endpoints are both in this ...

A discrete subset of R^s which is closed under addition and subtraction and which contains Z^s as a subset.

A relation between permutations p and q that exists if there is a sequence of transpositions such that each transposition increases the number of inversions (Stanton and ...

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...