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Markov's theorem states that equivalent braids expressing the same link are mutually related by successive applications of two types of Markov moves. Markov's theorem is ...

A sequence of random variates X_0, X_1, ... with finite means such that the conditional expectation of X_(n+1) given X_0, X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is equal to X_n, i.e., ...

All Mathieu functions have the form e^(irz)f(z), where f(z) has period 2pi and r is known as the Mathieu characteristic exponent. This exponent is returned by the Wolfram ...

An n×m matrix A^- is a 1-inverse of an m×n matrix A for which AA^-A=A. (1) The Moore-Penrose matrix inverse is a particular type of 1-inverse. A matrix equation Ax=b (2) has ...

Nonhomogeneous matrix equations of the form Ax=b (1) can be solved by taking the matrix inverse to obtain x=A^(-1)b. (2) This equation will have a nontrivial solution iff the ...

A maximal ideal of a ring R is an ideal I, not equal to R, such that there are no ideals "in between" I and R. In other words, if J is an ideal which contains I as a subset, ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. The space of all characters on A is called the maximal ideal space (or character space) of A. This space equipped with the ...

The proposition that every proper ideal of a Boolean algebra can be extended to a maximal ideal. It is equivalent to the Boolean representation theorem, which can be proved ...

The natural norm induced by the L1-norm is called the maximum absolute column sum norm and is defined by ||A||_1=max_(j)sum_(i=1)^n|a_(ij)| for a matrix A. This matrix norm ...

Let U subset= C be a domain, and let f be an analytic function on U. Then if there is a point z_0 in U such that |f(z_0)|>=|f(z)| for all z in U, then f is constant. The ...