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"The rationals" refers to the set of rational numbers and is commonly denoted Q.

The constant ratio by which all distances are increased (or decreased) in a similarity. A similarity with ratio of magnification equal to 1 is called an isometry.

There are several definitions of a ray. When viewed as a vector, a ray is a vector AB^-> from a point A to a point B. In geometry, a ray is usually taken as a half-infinite ...

The formulas j_n(z) = z^n(-1/zd/(dz))^n(sinz)/z (1) y_n(z) = -z^n(-1/zd/(dz))^n(cosz)/z (2) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., where j_n(z) is a spherical Bessel function of the first kind ...

That portion of mathematics dealing with functions of real variables. While this includes some portions of topology, it is most commonly used to distinguish that portion of ...

A real function is said to be analytic if it possesses derivatives of all orders and agrees with its Taylor series in a neighborhood of every point.

The real axis is the line in the complex plane corresponding to zero imaginary part, I[z]=0. Every real number corresponds to a unique point on the real axis.

A real matrix is a matrix whose elements consist entirely of real numbers. The set of m×n real matrices is sometimes denoted R^(m×n) (Zwillinger 1995, p. 116).

A polynomial having only real numbers as coefficients. A polynomial with real coefficients is a product of irreducible polynomials of first and second degrees.

A variable that may assume only real values.