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A primality test that provides an efficient probabilistic algorithm for determining if a given number is prime. It is based on the properties of strong pseudoprimes. The ...

An integer is k-smooth if it has no prime factors >k. The following table gives the first few k-smooth numbers for small k. Berndt (1994, p. 52) called the 7-smooth numbers ...

The Wiener-Hopf method is a powerful technique which enables certain linear partial differential equations subject to boundary conditions on semi-infinite domains to be ...

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi. It has quadratic ...

A circular sector is a wedge obtained by taking a portion of a disk with central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as the shaded region. A sector with ...

The dihedral group D_6 gives the group of symmetries of a regular hexagon. The group generators are given by a counterclockwise rotation through pi/3 radians and reflection ...

Analytic continuation gives an equivalence relation between function elements, and the equivalence classes induced by this relation are called global analytic functions.

A clause (i.e., a disjunction of literals) is called a Horn clause if it contains at most one positive literal. Horn clauses are usually written as L_1,...,L_n=>L(=¬L_1 v ... ...

The Lorentz group is the group L of time-preserving linear isometries of Minkowski space R^((3,1)) with the Minkowski metric dtau^2=-(dx^0)^2+(dx^1)^2+(dx^2)^2+(dx^3)^2 ...