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The modular equation of degree n gives an algebraic connection of the form (K^'(l))/(K(l))=n(K^'(k))/(K(k)) (1) between the transcendental complete elliptic integrals of the ...

A Diophantine equation is an equation in which only integer solutions are allowed. Hilbert's 10th problem asked if an algorithm existed for determining whether an arbitrary ...

The equation x^p=1, where solutions zeta_k=e^(2piik/p) are the roots of unity sometimes called de Moivre numbers. Gauss showed that the cyclotomic equation can be reduced to ...

An equation of the form f(x,y,...)=0, where f contains a finite number of independent variables, known functions, and unknown functions which are to be solved for. Many ...

Nonhomogeneous matrix equations of the form Ax=b (1) can be solved by taking the matrix inverse to obtain x=A^(-1)b. (2) This equation will have a nontrivial solution iff the ...

A second-order ordinary differential equation of the form

The system of partial differential equations u_t+u_x = v^2-u^2 (1) v_t-v_x = u^2-v^2. (2)

The partial differential equation u_(xx)+(y^2)/(1-(y^2)/(c^2))u_(yy)+yu_y=0.

The partial differential equation R[u](u_(rr)+(u_r)/r+u_(zz))=u_r^2+u_z^2, where R[u] is the real part of u (Calogero and Degasperis 1982, p. 62; Zwillinger 1997, p. 131).

The Diophantine equation x^n+y^n=z^n. The assertion that this equation has no nontrivial solutions for n>2 has a long and fascinating history and is known as Fermat's last ...