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A direct search method of optimization that works moderately well for stochastic problems. It is based on evaluating a function at the vertices of a simplex, then iteratively ...

Newton's forward difference formula is a finite difference identity giving an interpolated value between tabulated points {f_p} in terms of the first value f_0 and the powers ...

A game which is played by the following rules. Given one or more piles (nim-heaps), players alternate by taking all or some of the counters in a single heap. The player ...

The doubly noncentral F-distribution describes the distribution (X/n_1)/(Y/n_2) for two independently distributed noncentral chi-squared variables X:chi_(n_1)^2(lambda_1) and ...

A nonnegative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a nonnegative number, i.e., a_(ij)>=0 for all i, j. Nonnegative matrices are ...

A figurate number which is the sum of two consecutive pyramidal numbers, O_n=P_(n-1)+P_n=1/3n(2n^2+1). (1) The first few are 1, 6, 19, 44, 85, 146, 231, 344, 489, 670, 891, ...

Let G be a Lie group and let rho be a group representation of G on C^n (for some natural number n), which is continuous in the sense that the function G×C^n->C^n defined by ...

If isosceles triangles with apex angles 2kpi/n are erected on the sides of an arbitrary n-gon A_0, and if this process is repeated with the n-gon A_1 formed by the free ...

A tree having four branches at each node. Quadtrees are used in the construction of some multidimensional databases (e.g., cartography, computer graphics, and image ...

One of the four divisions of observations which have been grouped into four equal-sized sets based on their statistical rank. The quartile including the top statistically ...