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A means of describing how one state develops into another state over the course of time. Technically, a dynamical system is a smooth action of the reals or the integers on ...

A delay differential equation (also called a differential delay equation or difference-differential equation, although the latter term has a different meaning in the modern ...

Doob (1996) defines a stochastic process as a family of random variables {x(t,-),t in J} from some probability space (S,S,P) into a state space (S^',S^'). Here, J is the ...

Relations in the definition of a Steenrod algebra which state that, for i<2j, Sq^i degreesSq^j(x)=sum_(k=0)^(|_i/2_|)(j-k-1; i-2k)Sq^(i+j-k) degreesSq^k(x), where f degreesg ...

A Nash equilibrium of a strategic game is a profile of strategies (s_1^*,...,s_n^*), where s_i^* in S_i (S_i is the strategy set of player i), such that for each player i, ...

Turmites, also called turning machines, are 2-dimensional Turing machines in which the "tape" consists of a grid of spaces that can be written and erased by an active ...

An algorithm in control theory introduced by Kalman (1960) and refined by Kalman and Bucy (1961). It is an algorithm which makes optimal use of imprecise data on a linear (or ...

Let Q_i denote anything subject to weighting by a normalized linear scheme of weights that sum to unity in a set W. The Kolmogorov axioms state that 1. For every Q_i in W, ...

Wilker's inequalities state that 2+(16)/(pi^4)x^3tanx<(sin^2x)/(x^2)+(tanx)/x<2+2/(45)x^3tanx for 0<x<pi/2, where the constants 2/45 and 16/pi^4 are the best possible ...

Machin's formula is given by 1/4pi=4cot^(-1)5-cot^(-1)239. There are a whole class of Machin-like formulas with various numbers of terms (although only four such formulas ...