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Sparklines are word-like graphics that have an intensity of visual distinctions comparable to words or letters (Tufte 2006, p. 4).

An affine transformation that preserves area.

A Jordan algebra which is isomorphic to a subalgebra.

An integer matrix whose entries satisfy a_(ij)={0 if j>i+1; -1 if j=i+1; 0 or 1 if j<=i. (1) There are 2^(n-1) special minimal matrices of size n×n.

A point which does not lie on at least one ordinary line.

If the difference between the order and the dimension of a series is less than the curve genus, then the series is special.

P_y(nu)=lim_(T->infty)2/T|int_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]e^(-2piinut)dt|^2, (1) so int_0^inftyP_y(nu)dnu = lim_(T->infty)1/Tint_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]^2dt (2) = <(y-y^_)^2> (3) = ...

The mean square deviation of the best local fit straight line to a staircase cumulative spectral density over a normalized energy scale.

A moving average using 15 points having weights -3, -6, -5, 3, 21, 46, 67, 74, 67, 46, 21, 3, -5, -6, and -3. It is sometimes used by actuaries.

F(x) = -Li_2(-x) (1) = int_0^x(ln(1+t))/tdt, (2) where Li_2(x) is the dilogarithm.