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An infinite sequence of positive integers 1<=b_1<b_2<b_3<..., (1) also called a Sidon sequence, such that all pairwise sums b_i+b_j (2) for i<=j are distinct (Guy 1994). An ...

The bracket polynomial is one-variable knot polynomial related to the Jones polynomial. The bracket polynomial, however, is not a topological invariant, since it is changed ...

A Chen prime is a prime number p for which p+2 is either a prime or semiprime. Chen primes are named after Jing Run Chen who proved in 1966 that there are infinitely many ...

A Cullen number is a number of the form C_n=2^nn+1. The first few are 3, 9, 25, 65, 161, 385, ... (OEIS A002064). Cullen numbers are divisible by p=2n-1 if p is a prime of ...

Given an arithmetic progression of terms an+b, for n=1, 2, ..., the series contains an infinite number of primes if a and b are relatively prime, i.e., (a,b)=1. This result ...

A simple way to describe a knot projection. The advantage of this notation is that it enables a knot diagram to be drawn quickly. For an oriented alternating knot with n ...

The term "Euler graph" is sometimes used to denote a graph for which all vertices are of even degree (e.g., Seshu and Reed 1961). Note that this definition is different from ...

The fractional edge chromatic number of a graph G is the fractional analog of the edge chromatic number, denoted chi_f^'(G) by Scheinerman and Ullman (2011). It can be ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

A Gaussian sum is a sum of the form S(p,q)=sum_(r=0)^(q-1)e^(-piir^2p/q), (1) where p and q are relatively prime integers. The symbol phi is sometimes used instead of S. ...