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In continuum theory, a dendrite is a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curve. A semicircle is therefore a dendrite, while a triangle is not. The term ...

There are two important theorems known as Herbrand's theorem. The first arises in ring theory. Let an ideal class be in A if it contains an ideal whose lth power is ...

For a real number x in (0,1), let m be the number of terms in the convergent to a regular continued fraction that are required to represent n decimal places of x. Then for ...

A minimum vertex cut of a graph is a vertex cut of smallest possible size. A vertex cut set of size 1 in a connected graph corresponds to an articulation vertex. The size of ...

A group theoretic operation which is useful in the study of complex atomic spectra. A plethysm takes a set of functions of a given symmetry type {mu} and forms from them ...

A mathematical object defined for a set and a binary operator in which the multiplication operation is associative. No other restrictions are placed on a semigroup; thus a ...

The total graph T(G) of a graph G has a vertex for each edge and vertex of G and an edge in T(G) for every edge-edge, vertex-edge, and vertex-vertex adjacency in G ...

The (connected) caveman graph is a graph arising in social network theory formed by modifying a set of isolated k-cliques (or "caves") by removing one edge from each clique ...

There are two problems commonly known as the subset sum problem. The first ("given sum problem") is the problem of finding what subset of a list of integers has a given sum, ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...