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A chord which is a normal at each end. A centrosymmetric set K subset R^d has d double normals through the center (Croft et al. 1991). For a curve of constant width, all ...

A set function mu is finitely additive if, given any finite disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union _(k=1)^nE_k)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(E_k).

An algebraic variety is called irreducible if it cannot be written as the union of nonempty algebraic varieties. For example, the set of solutions to xy=0 is reducible ...

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

A well ordered set of monomials which also satisfies the condition "u<v implies uw<vw" for all monomials u, v, and w. Examples of monomial orders are the lexicographic order ...

Suppose that G is a pseudograph, E is the edge set of G, and C is the family of edge sets of graph cycles of G. Then C obeys the axioms for the circuits of a matroid, and ...

A vector field X on a compact foliated manifold (M,F) is nice if X is transverse to F and if X has a closed orbit C (called a nice orbit) such that the intersection C ...

A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q!=0. A rational number p/q is said to have numerator p and denominator ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings of ...