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A strictly upper triangular matrix is an upper triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the lower portion, i.e., a matrix A=[a_(ij)] such that a_(ij)=0 for ...

Let n be an elliptic pseudoprime associated with (E,P), and let n+1=2^sk with k odd and s>=0. Then n is a strong elliptic pseudoprime when either kP=0 (mod n) or 2^rkP=0 (mod ...

A subgroup is a subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. It must therefore contain the identity element. "H is a subgroup of G" is ...

The superdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly above the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')-[(M^2-1/4+K^2-2MKcosx)/(sin^2x)+(sigma+K^2+1/4)]y=0.

A surface on which the Gaussian curvature K is everywhere positive. When K is everywhere negative, a surface is called anticlastic. A point at which the Gaussian curvature is ...

The partial differential equation u_(xy)+alphau_x+betau_y+gammau_xu_y=0.

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...

The radial curve of the tractrix x = a(t-tanht) (1) y = asecht (2) with radiant point (x_0,y_0) is the kappa curve x_r = x_0+atanht (3) y_r = y_0+asinhttanht. (4)

The term "transition matrix" is used in a number of different contexts in mathematics. In linear algebra, it is sometimes used to mean a change of coordinates matrix. In the ...