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Let f be a finite real-valued function defined on an interval [a,b]. Then at every point in [a,b] except on a set of Lebesgue measure zero, either: 1. There is a finite ...

The conjecture that Frey's elliptic curve was not modular. The conjecture was quickly proved by Ribet (Ribet's theorem) in 1986, and was an important step in the proof of ...

A type of compact surface studied by German mathematician Otto Zoll following an idea of Darboux. It is characterized by the property that all its geodesics are closed and of ...

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a criterion.

Arrow's paradox, also called Arrow's impossibility theorem or the general possibility theorem, states that perfect democratic voting is impossible, not just in practice but ...

The rule (F,F=>G)/G, where => means "implies," which is the sole rule of inference in propositional calculus. This rule states that if each of F and F=>G is either an axiom ...

A type of mathematical result which is considered by most logicians as more natural than the metamathematical incompleteness results first discovered by Gödel. Finite ...

The Darboux cubic Z(X_(20)) of a triangle DeltaABC is the locus of all pedal-cevian points (i.e., of all points whose pedal triangle is perspective with DeltaABC). It is a ...

One name for the figure used by Euclid to prove the Pythagorean theorem. It is sometimes also known as the "windmill."

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a condition.