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A Shanks (a,b)-chain is a sequence of primes p_i of the form p_(i+1)=ap_i^2-b, with a and b integers. On Sep. 1, 2000, P. Leyland found a (4, 17)-chain of length 6, and on ...

The transformation T(x) = frac(1/x) (1) = 1/x-|_1/x_|, (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part of x and |_x_| is the floor function, that takes a continued fraction ...

A set having exactly one element a. A singleton set is denoted by {a} and is the simplest example of a nonempty set.

A nickname for the one-sheeted hyperboloid due to Samuel (1988, p. 95).

An integer matrix whose entries satisfy a_(ij)={0 if j>i+1; -1 if j=i+1; 0 or 1 if j<=i. (1) There are 2^(n-1) special minimal matrices of size n×n.

Find the tunnel between two points A and B on a gravitating sphere which gives the shortest transit time under the force of gravity. Assume the sphere to be nonrotating, of ...

A square root of x is a number r such that r^2=x. When written in the form x^(1/2) or especially sqrt(x), the square root of x may also be called the radical or surd. The ...

Let f(x) be a nonnegative and monotonic decreasing function in [a,b] and g(x) such that 0<=g(x)<=1 in [a,b], then int_(b-k)^bf(x)dx<=int_a^bf(x)g(x)dx<=int_a^(a+k)f(x)dx, ...

The Stolarsky mean of two numbers a and c is defined by S_p(a,c)=[(a^p-c^p)/(p(a-c))]^(1/(p-1)) (Havil 2003, p. 121).

Let P=(P,<=) be a partially ordered set, and let x,y,z in P. If x<=y<=z, then y is said to be between x and z. If y is between x and z and y not in {x,z}, then y is strictly ...