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The root separation (or zero separation) of a polynomial P(x) with roots r_1, r_2, ... is defined by Delta(P)=min_(i!=j)|r_i-r_j|. There are lower bounds on how close two ...

A finite extension K=Q(z)(w) of the field Q(z) of rational functions in the indeterminate z, i.e., w is a root of a polynomial a_0+a_1alpha+a_2alpha^2+...+a_nalpha^n, where ...

Let sum_(k=1)^(infty)u_k be a series with positive terms, and let rho=lim_(k->infty)u_k^(1/k). 1. If rho<1, the series converges. 2. If rho>1 or rho=infty, the series ...

A special graph vertex that is designated to turn a tree into a rooted tree or a graph into a rooted graph. The root is sometimes also called "eve," or an "endpoint" (Saaty ...

Consider the process of taking a number, taking its digit sum, then adding the digits of numbers derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

Let E be a Euclidean space, (beta,alpha) be the dot product, and denote the reflection in the hyperplane P_alpha={beta in E|(beta,alpha)=0} by ...

Rubik's Cube is a 3×3×3 cube in which the 26 subcubes on the outside are internally hinged in such a way that rotation (by a quarter turn in either direction or a half turn) ...

The skeleton of the bislit cube is the 8-vertex simple graph, illustrated above in several embeddings, which consists of a cube in which two opposite faces have polyhedron ...

The snub cube, also called the cubus simus (Kepler 1619, Weissbach and Martini 2002) or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid having 38 faces (32 triangular and 6 ...

A magic cube is an n×n×n version of a magic square in which the n^2 rows, n^2 columns, n^2 pillars, and four space diagonals each sum to a single number M_3(n) known as the ...