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By the definition of the functions of trigonometry, the sine of pi/2 is equal to the y-coordinate of the point with polar coordinates (r,theta)=(1,pi/2), giving sin(pi/2)=1. ...

Construction of the angle pi/4=45 degrees produces an isosceles right triangle. Since the sides are equal, sin^2theta+cos^2theta=2sin^2theta=1, (1) so solving for ...

A ring in the mathematical sense is a set S together with two binary operators + and * (commonly interpreted as addition and multiplication, respectively) satisfying the ...

A sphere is defined as the set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 that are located at a distance r (the "radius") from a given point (the "center"). Twice ...

Given two starting numbers (a_1,a_2), the following table gives the unique sequences {a_i} that contain no three-term arithmetic progressions. Sloane sequence A003278 1, 2, ...

Given a point with trilinear coordinates P=alpha:beta:gamma, the anticevian triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' of a triangle DeltaABC with respect to P is a triangle such that 1. B^'C^' ...

A branch point of an analytic function is a point in the complex plane whose complex argument can be mapped from a single point in the domain to multiple points in the range. ...

The number d(n) of monotone Boolean functions of n variables (equivalent to one more than the number of antichains on the n-set {1,2,...,n}) is called the nth Dedkind number. ...

A forest is an acyclic graph (i.e., a graph without any graph cycles). Forests therefore consist only of (possibly disconnected) trees, hence the name "forest." Examples of ...

Consider the Euclid numbers defined by E_k=1+p_k#, where p_k is the kth prime and p# is the primorial. The first few values of E_k are 3, 7, 31, 211, 2311, 30031, 510511, ... ...