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An asymmetrical apodization function defined by M(x,b,d)={0 for x<-b; (x-b)/(2b) for -b<x<b; 1 for b<x<b+2d; 0 for x<b+2d, (1) where the two-sided portion is 2b long (total) ...

A matrix with 0 determinant whose determinant becomes nonzero when any element on or below the diagonal is changed from 0 to 1. An example is M=[1 -1 0 0; 0 0 -1 0; 1 1 1 -1; ...

A mental device used to aid memorization. Common mnemonics for mathematical constants such as e and pi consist of sentences in which the number of letters in each word give ...

A technically defined group characterizing a system of linear differential equations y_j^'=sum_(k=1)^na_(jk)(x)y_k for j=1, ..., n, where a_(jk) are complex analytic ...

A nonempty finite set of n×n integer matrices for which there exists some product of the matrices in the set which is equal to the zero matrix.

The Moser spindle is the 7-node unit-distance graph illustrated above (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 187). It is sometimes called the Hajós graph (e.g., Bondy and Murty 2008. p. ...

The radical circle of the Neuberg circles has circle function l=(a^2b^4-b^4c^2+a^2c^4-b^2c^4)/(bc(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2)), (1) which does not correspond to any Kimberling ...

An algebra, also called a nilalgebra, consisting only of nilpotent Elements.

The odd part Od(n) of a positive integer n is defined by Od(n)=n/(2^(b(n))), where b(n) is the exponent of the exact power of 2 dividing n. Od(n) is therefore the product of ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...