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A method which can be used to solve any quadratic congruence equation. This technique relies on the fact that solving x^2=b (mod p) is equivalent to finding a value y such ...

Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

A disjunction that is true if only one, but not both, of its arguments are true, and is false if neither or both are true, which is equivalent to the XOR connective. By ...

The exsecant is a little-used trigonometric function defined by excsc(x)=cscx-1, where cscx is the cosecant.

If the tangents at B and C to the circumcircle of a triangle DeltaABC intersect in a point K_1, then the circle with center K_1 and which passes through B and C is called the ...

For discrete problems in which no efficient solution method is known, it might be necessary to test each possibility sequentially in order to determine if it is the solution. ...

If at least one solution can be determined for a given problem, a solution to that problem is said to exist. Frequently, mathematicians seek to prove the existence of ...

The question of whether a solution to a given problem exists. The existence problem can be solved in the affirmative without actually finding a solution to the original ...

A class of processes which attempt to round off a domain and simplify its theory by adjoining elements.

If there exists an A, this is written exists A. Similarly, "A does not exist" is written notexists A. exists is one of the two mathematical objects known as quantifiers. The ...