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The difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is n_1-n_2, where the minus sign denotes subtraction.

A cryptarithmetic in which digits are used to represent other digits.

For a finite group of h elements with an n_ith dimensional ith irreducible representation, sum_(i)n_i^2=h.

The operator D=-i(d+d^*), where d^* is the adjoint.

A simple graph with n>=3 graph vertices in which each graph vertex has vertex degree >=n/2 has a Hamiltonian cycle.

Two quantities y and x are said to be directly proportional, proportional, or "in direct proportion" if y is given by a constant multiple of x, i.e., y=cx for c a constant. ...

If g is continuous and mu,nu>0, then int_0^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)dxiint_0^xi(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dx =int_0^tdxint_x^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dxi.

Let |sum_(n=1)^pa_n|<K, (1) where K is independent of p. Then if f_n>=f_(n+1)>0 and lim_(n->infty)f_n=0, (2) it follows that sum_(n=1)^inftya_nf_n (3) converges.

A polynomial form which is the sum of two polynomial forms involving separate sets of variables.

Not continuous. A point at which a function is discontinuous is called a discontinuity, or sometimes a jump.